Umtham

Nutrient by nutrient

• Nitrogen

  Poor
  Low 100%

  Almost every soil test here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

  What this means

  Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

  Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	100%	0%	0%
  Umsning	81%	18%	0%
  Ri Bhoi	77%	23%	0%
  Meghalaya	40%	59%	1%
  India	64%	30%	6%

• Phosphorus

  Good
  Low 10% Medium 10% High 80%

  Most soil tests here came out high

  If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

  What this means

  Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

  Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	10%	10%	80%
  Umsning	27%	34%	39%
  Ri Bhoi	41%	32%	28%
  Meghalaya	36%	43%	21%
  India	14%	41%	45%

• Potassium

  Poor
  Low 55% Medium 25% High 20%

  6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more potash (MOP) than the usual dose.

  What this means

  Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

  Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	55%	25%	20%
  Umsning	30%	39%	31%
  Ri Bhoi	21%	40%	39%
  Meghalaya	18%	67%	15%
  India	14%	53%	34%

• Organic carbon

  Good
  Low 5% High 95%

  Most soil tests here came out high

  What this means

  Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

  Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

  Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	5%	0%	95%
  Umsning	4%	4%	91%
  Ri Bhoi	5%	6%	90%
  Meghalaya	3%	11%	86%
  India	48%	28%	23%

• pH

  Okay
  Acidic 45% Neutral 55%

  5 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic

  If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.

  What this means

  How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

  Acidic Neutral Alkaline

  In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Acidic	Neutral	Alkaline
  Here	45%	55%	0%
  Umsning	45%	55%	0%
  Ri Bhoi	48%	52%	0%
  Meghalaya	57%	43%	0%
  India	12%	86%	2%

• Salt

  Good
  Not salty 100%

  Almost no soil tests here came out salty

  What this means

  Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

  Not salty Salty

  Under 1 dS/m is fine. Above 4 harms most crops.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Not salty	Salty
  Here	100%	0%
  Umsning	100%	0%
  Ri Bhoi	100%	0%
  Meghalaya	100%	0%
  India	96%	4%

• Sulphur

  Good
  Short 5% Enough 95%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

  Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	5%	95%
  Umsning	2%	98%
  Ri Bhoi	3%	97%
  Meghalaya	42%	58%
  India	24%	76%

• Zinc

  Okay
  Short 40% Enough 60%

  4 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

  What this means

  Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

  Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	40%	60%
  Umsning	42%	58%
  Ri Bhoi	33%	67%
  Meghalaya	41%	59%
  India	35%	65%

• Iron

  Poor
  Short 85% Enough 15%

  9 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

  What this means

  Keeps young leaves green.

  Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	85%	15%
  Umsning	41%	59%
  Ri Bhoi	30%	70%
  Meghalaya	25%	75%
  India	24%	76%

• Copper

  Poor
  Short 95% Enough 5%

  Almost every soil test here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 2 kg of copper sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing.

  What this means

  Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

  Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	95%	5%
  Umsning	46%	54%
  Ri Bhoi	35%	65%
  Meghalaya	23%	77%
  India	5%	95%

• Manganese

  Okay
  Short 45% Enough 55%

  5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: spray manganese sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, on the young crop.

  What this means

  Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

  Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	45%	55%
  Umsning	48%	52%
  Ri Bhoi	39%	61%
  Meghalaya	24%	76%
  India	13%	87%

• Boron

  Poor
  Short 90% Enough 10%

  9 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 4 kg of borax per acre into the soil before sowing.

  What this means

  Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

  Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	90%	10%
  Umsning	82%	18%
  Ri Bhoi	79%	21%
  Meghalaya	64%	36%
  India	45%	55%

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Climate in Ri Bhoi