Pukimaska

Village soil report

Most soil here is low in organic carbon.
See which crops suit Pukimaska

What the soil tests found

7

out of 10

Soil score

Okay

Short in most fields here: phosphorus, organic carbon and sulphur.

For most crops. How the soil score works

soil samples, 2024-25
31
nutrients checked
12

This shows what soil in this area tends to be like. Your own field can be different. Get it tested at a soil testing lab before deciding.

Nutrient by nutrient

  • Nitrogen

    From 31 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 39% Medium 61%

    4 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

    What this means

    Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

    Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 39% 61% 0%
    Kasipur 51% 49% 0%
    Rayagada 53% 47% 0%
    Odisha 70% 28% 2%
    India 65% 29% 6%

  • Phosphorus

    From 31 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 61% Medium 35% High 3%

    6 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more DAP or single super phosphate than the usual dose, at sowing.

    What this means

    Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

    Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 61% 35% 3%
    Kasipur 65% 31% 4%
    Rayagada 64% 34% 2%
    Odisha 22% 46% 32%
    India 13% 41% 45%

  • Potassium

    From 31 soil tests

    Okay

    Low 26% Medium 71% High 3%

    3 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add about a quarter more potash (MOP) than the usual dose.

    What this means

    Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

    Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

    Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 26% 71% 3%
    Kasipur 8% 84% 9%
    Rayagada 9% 83% 8%
    Odisha 17% 61% 22%
    India 14% 53% 33%

  • Organic carbon

    From 31 soil tests

    Poor

    Low 71% Medium 29%

    7 in 10 soil tests here came out low

    If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

    What this means

    Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

    Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

    Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place LowMediumHigh
    Here 71% 29% 0%
    Kasipur 77% 22% 1%
    Rayagada 77% 22% 1%
    Odisha 49% 35% 16%
    India 49% 28% 23%

  • pH

    From 31 soil tests

    Good

    Neutral 100%

    Almost every soil test here came out neutral

    What this means

    How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

    Acidic Neutral Alkaline

    In these tests, neutral means about pH 6 to 8, which suits most crops; acidic is below about 6 and alkaline above about 8.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place AcidicNeutralAlkaline
    Here 0% 100% 0%
    Kasipur 20% 80% 0%
    Rayagada 22% 78% 0%
    Odisha 30% 70% 0%
    India 11% 86% 2%

  • Salt

    From 31 soil tests

    Good

    Not salty 100%

    Almost no soil tests here came out salty

    What this means

    Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

    Not salty Salty

    Under 1 dS/m is fine. Between 1 and 4, only crops that can't take salt lose yield. Above 4 harms most crops.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place Not saltySalty
    Here 100% 0%
    Kasipur 100% 0%
    Rayagada 100% 0%
    Odisha 99% 1%
    India 96% 4%

  • Sulphur

    From 31 soil tests

    Poor

    Short 52% Enough 48%

    5 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.

    What this means

    Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

    Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 52% 48%
    Kasipur 11% 89%
    Rayagada 8% 92%
    Odisha 35% 65%
    India 24% 76%

  • Zinc

    From 31 soil tests

    Good

    Short 13% Enough 87%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

    Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 13% 87%
    Kasipur 7% 93%
    Rayagada 7% 93%
    Odisha 43% 57%
    India 35% 65%

  • Iron

    From 31 soil tests

    Good

    Short 13% Enough 87%

    1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Keeps young leaves green.

    Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 13% 87%
    Kasipur 12% 88%
    Rayagada 19% 81%
    Odisha 13% 87%
    India 24% 76%

  • Copper

    From 31 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

    Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 0% 100%
    Kasipur 0% 100%
    Rayagada 1% 99%
    Odisha 11% 89%
    India 5% 95%

  • Manganese

    From 31 soil tests

    Good

    Enough 100%

    Almost every soil test here had enough

    What this means

    Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

    Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 0% 100%
    Kasipur 12% 88%
    Rayagada 15% 85%
    Odisha 13% 87%
    India 12% 88%

  • Boron

    From 31 soil tests

    Good

    Short 19% Enough 81%

    2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

    What this means

    Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

    Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

    Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

    Compared with the wider area
    Place ShortEnough
    Here 19% 81%
    Kasipur 31% 69%
    Rayagada 8% 92%
    Odisha 58% 42%
    India 44% 56%

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.

Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2024-25. 31 samples.

Climate in Rayagada

Rain

About 1,380 mm of rain a year

In a normal year. A dry year brings about 1,170 mm.

Temperature

Hottest in May: days about 36 °C, nights 26 °C

Coolest in December: days about 26 °C, nights 14 °C.

Typical of the district's villages; a farm much higher or lower can be a few degrees cooler or warmer.

Source: IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°); TerraClimate 1991–2020 temperature normals (about 4 km), where each district's villages are.