What the soil tests found
7
out of 10
Soil score
OkayShort in most fields here: nitrogen and organic carbon.
For most crops. How the soil score works
- soil samples, 2023-24 & 2024-25
- 845
- nutrients checked in each sample
- 12
This shows what soil in this area tends to be like. Your own field can be different. Get it tested at a soil testing lab before deciding.
Nutrient by nutrient
-
Nitrogen
PoorLow 76% Medium 24%
8 in 10 soil tests here came out low
If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.
What this means
Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.
Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/haHealthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Low Medium High Here 76% 24% 0% Tirupati 71% 29% 0% Andhra Pradesh 73% 24% 3% India 64% 30% 6% -
Phosphorus
GoodLow 11% Medium 49% High 40%
1 in 10 soil tests here came out low
What this means
Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.
Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/haHealthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Low Medium High Here 11% 49% 40% Tirupati 15% 34% 51% Andhra Pradesh 16% 34% 50% India 14% 41% 45% -
Potassium
OkayLow 28% Medium 48% High 25%
3 in 10 soil tests here came out low
If your field is low: add about a quarter more potash (MOP) than the usual dose.
What this means
Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.
Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/haHealthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Low Medium High Here 28% 48% 25% Tirupati 15% 50% 35% Andhra Pradesh 10% 30% 60% India 14% 53% 34% -
Organic carbon
PoorLow 74% Medium 25% High 1%
7 in 10 soil tests here came out low
If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.
What this means
Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.
Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Low Medium High Here 74% 25% 1% Tirupati 68% 28% 4% Andhra Pradesh 57% 24% 19% India 48% 28% 23% -
pH
OkayAcidic 21% Neutral 79%
2 in 10 soil tests here came out acidic
If your field is acidic: add agricultural lime before sowing. A soil lab works out how much your field needs.
What this means
How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.
Acidic Neutral AlkalineMost crops do best at pH 6.5 to 7.5.
Compared with the wider area Place Acidic Neutral Alkaline Here 21% 79% 0% Tirupati 4% 93% 3% Andhra Pradesh 1% 93% 6% India 12% 86% 2% -
Salt
GoodNot salty 92% Salty 8%
1 in 10 soil tests here came out salty
What this means
Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.
Not salty SaltyUnder 1 dS/m is fine. Above 4 harms most crops.
Compared with the wider area Place Not salty Salty Here 92% 8% Tirupati 97% 3% Andhra Pradesh 93% 7% India 96% 4% -
Sulphur
OkayShort 22% Enough 78%
2 in 10 soil tests here came out short
If your field is short: use single super phosphate instead of DAP, or add about 100 kg of gypsum per acre before sowing.
What this means
Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.
Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or moreHealthy soil has 10 ppm or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Short Enough Here 22% 78% Tirupati 18% 82% Andhra Pradesh 15% 85% India 24% 76% -
Zinc
OkayShort 36% Enough 64%
4 in 10 soil tests here came out short
If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.
What this means
Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.
Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or moreHealthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Short Enough Here 36% 64% Tirupati 29% 71% Andhra Pradesh 38% 62% India 35% 65% -
Iron
OkayShort 35% Enough 65%
4 in 10 soil tests here came out short
If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.
What this means
Keeps young leaves green.
Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or moreHealthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Short Enough Here 35% 65% Tirupati 32% 68% Andhra Pradesh 29% 71% India 24% 76% -
Copper
GoodShort 7% Enough 93%
1 in 10 soil tests here came out short
What this means
Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.
Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or moreHealthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Short Enough Here 7% 93% Tirupati 5% 95% Andhra Pradesh 6% 94% India 5% 95% -
Manganese
OkayShort 34% Enough 66%
3 in 10 soil tests here came out short
If your field is short: spray manganese sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, on the young crop.
What this means
Helps leaves make food from sunlight.
Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or moreHealthy soil has 2 ppm or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Short Enough Here 34% 66% Tirupati 17% 83% Andhra Pradesh 12% 88% India 13% 87% -
Boron
GoodShort 19% Enough 81%
2 in 10 soil tests here came out short
What this means
Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.
Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or moreHealthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.
Compared with the wider area Place Short Enough Here 19% 81% Tirupati 8% 92% Andhra Pradesh 26% 74% India 45% 55%
Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.
Source: Soil Health Card – soil nutrient analysis (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare). 2023-24 & 2024-25. 845 samples.
Climate in Tirupati
Rain
About 1,140 mm of rain a year
In a normal year. A dry year brings about 960 mm.
Temperature
Hottest in May: days about 39°, nights 27°
Coolest in January: days about 30°, nights 19°.
Averages for an area about 100 km across; hills and valleys can differ by several degrees.
Source: IMD gridded daily rainfall (0.25°); IMD gridded daily max/min temperature (1°).