Tirupati

• Nitrogen

  Poor
  Low 71% Medium 29%

  7 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add about a quarter more urea than the usual dose, in two or three splits. A pulse crop in rotation also adds nitrogen.

  What this means

  Grows leaves and stems. Short soil gives pale, yellow leaves.

  Low under 280 kg/ha Medium 280–560 kg/ha High over 560 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 280 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	71%	29%	0%
  Andhra Pradesh	73%	24%	3%
  India	64%	30%	6%

• Phosphorus

  Good
  Low 15% Medium 34% High 51%

  Most soil tests here came out high

  If your field is high: you can use about a quarter less DAP than usual.

  What this means

  Builds roots and helps the crop flower and fill grain.

  Low under 10 kg/ha Medium 10–25 kg/ha High over 25 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 10 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	15%	34%	51%
  Andhra Pradesh	16%	34%	50%
  India	14%	41%	45%

• Potassium

  Good
  Low 15% Medium 50% High 35%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  What this means

  Fills grain and fruit, and helps crops stand drought and disease.

  Low under 110 kg/ha Medium 110–280 kg/ha High over 280 kg/ha

  Healthy soil has 110 kg/ha or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	15%	50%	35%
  Andhra Pradesh	10%	30%	60%
  India	14%	53%	34%

• Organic carbon

  Poor
  Low 68% Medium 28% High 4%

  7 in 10 soil tests here came out low

  If your field is low: add 4 tonnes of compost or farmyard manure per acre before sowing, and plough crop leftovers back in instead of burning them.

  What this means

  Shows how much organic matter the soil has. It keeps soil loose, holds water and feeds the crop slowly.

  Low under 0.5% Medium 0.5–0.75% High over 0.75%

  Healthy soil has 0.5% or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Low	Medium	High
  Here	68%	28%	4%
  Andhra Pradesh	57%	24%	19%
  India	48%	28%	23%

• pH

  Good
  Acidic 4% Neutral 93% Alkaline 3%

  Almost no soil tests here fell short

  What this means

  How sour (acidic) or alkaline the soil is. It decides which nutrients roots can take up.

  Acidic Neutral Alkaline

  Most crops do best at pH 6.5 to 7.5.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Acidic	Neutral	Alkaline
  Here	4%	93%	3%
  Andhra Pradesh	1%	93%	6%
  India	12%	86%	2%

• Salt

  Good
  Not salty 97% Salty 3%

  Almost no soil tests here came out salty

  What this means

  Salt in the soil, shown as EC on the card. Salt makes it hard for roots to drink.

  Not salty Salty

  Under 1 dS/m is fine. Above 4 harms most crops.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Not salty	Salty
  Here	97%	3%
  Andhra Pradesh	93%	7%
  India	96%	4%

• Sulphur

  Good
  Short 18% Enough 82%

  2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Makes oil in oilseeds and protein in pulses.

  Short under 10 ppm Enough 10 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 10 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	18%	82%
  Andhra Pradesh	15%	85%
  India	24%	76%

• Zinc

  Okay
  Short 29% Enough 71%

  3 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: mix 10 kg of zinc sulphate per acre into the soil before sowing. One dose lasts two or three seasons.

  What this means

  Needed for growth and healthy leaves. Rice and wheat often run short.

  Short under 0.6 ppm Enough 0.6 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.6 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	29%	71%
  Andhra Pradesh	38%	62%
  India	35%	65%

• Iron

  Okay
  Short 32% Enough 68%

  3 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  If your field is short: spray ferrous sulphate, 5 g per litre of water, when young leaves turn yellow.

  What this means

  Keeps young leaves green.

  Short under 4.5 ppm Enough 4.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 4.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	32%	68%
  Andhra Pradesh	29%	71%
  India	24%	76%

• Copper

  Good
  Short 5% Enough 95%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Helps the crop set seed and resist disease.

  Short under 0.2 ppm Enough 0.2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	5%	95%
  Andhra Pradesh	6%	94%
  India	5%	95%

• Manganese

  Good
  Short 17% Enough 83%

  2 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Helps leaves make food from sunlight.

  Short under 2 ppm Enough 2 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 2 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	17%	83%
  Andhra Pradesh	12%	88%
  India	13%	87%

• Boron

  Good
  Short 8% Enough 92%

  1 in 10 soil tests here came out short

  What this means

  Needed for flowers to set seed and fruit.

  Short under 0.5 ppm Enough 0.5 ppm or more

  Healthy soil has 0.5 ppm or more.

  Compared with the wider area

  Place	Short	Enough
  Here	8%	92%
  Andhra Pradesh	26%	74%
  India	45%	55%

Fixes are the usual advice. Your Soil Health Card or nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra gives the exact dose for your field.